Numerical study on the approach for super-high thermal efficiency in a gasoline homogeneous charge compression ignition lean-burn engine

Abstract

The approach for achieving super-high thermal efficiency in a gasoline homogeneous charge compression ignition lean-burn engine was studied using numerical simulation. A model engine was designed based on the split cycles, including the low-pressure cycle consisted of the turbocharger system and the high-pressure cycle controlled by the variable effective compression ratio ( ε) and the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Based on the model engine, load (L) – Φoxy (F) – EGR (E) – ε (E) cooperative control strategy was proposed to optimize the thermal efficiency and its interactive mechanism was clarified. The results revealed that the core of the load (L) – Φoxy (F) – EGR (E) – ε (E) strategy was the simultaneous optimization of the combustion process and the specific heat ratio ( γ) contributing to the piston work maximization. The optimum combustion phase was found in the range of 4°–9° crank angle after top dead center, and highest combustion rate under the rough combustion restriction was also required. Under this precondition, reducing ε to retard the combustion phase appropriately could mitigate the EGR usage to improve the γ. Based on the load (L) – Φoxy (F) – EGR (E) – ε (E) strategy, increasing the load was found to improve the thermal efficiency effectively by reducing the heat transfer loss. The highest brake thermal efficiency of 50% was reached when the gross indicated mean effective pressure was increased to 15 bar under the conventional engine condition. Further increasing the gross indicated mean effective pressure to 35 bar with elevated peak cylinder pressure of 400 bar could improve the brake thermal efficiency to 54% under the enhanced mechanical strength condition. To pursue super-high thermal efficiency, the approach of thermal insulation for the engine was proved to be more effective. It showed the potential to achieve the super-high brake thermal efficiency over 60% and maintain clean combustion by adopting the load (L) – Φoxy (F) – EGR (E) – ε (E) strategy in the model engine with thermal insulation and high mechanical strength.