Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity of Essential Oils of Plectranthus cylindraceus and Meriandra benghalensis from Yemen

Author:

Ali Nasser A. Awadh1,Wurster Martina2,Denkert Annika3,Arnold Norbert3,Fadail Iman1,Al-Didamony Gamal1,Lindequist Ulrike2,Wessjohann Ludger3,Setzer William N.4

Affiliation:

1. PharmacognosyDepartment, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana'a University, P. O. Box 13150, Sana'a, Yemen

2. Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany

3. Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Bio-organic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany

4. Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL35899, USA

Abstract

The chemical composition, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the essential oils isolated from the leaves of Plectranthus cylindraceus Hoechst. ex. Benth. (EOPC) and Meriandra benghalensis (Roxb.) Benth. (EOMB) were investigated. Sixteen compounds were identified in P. cylindraceus oil representing 94.5% of the oil content with thymol (68.5%), terpinolene (5.3%), β-selinene (4.7%), β-caryophyllene (4.0%), δ-cadinol (2.1%), and ar-curcumene (1.7%) as the major compounds. In M. benghalensis oil, 12 compounds were identified, which made up 82.0% of the total oil. The most abundant constituents were camphor (43.6%), 1,8-cineole (10.7%), α-eudesmol (5.8%), caryophyllene oxide (5.8%), camphene (5.3%) and borneol (3.4%). The antimicrobial activities of both oils were evaluated against five microorganisms with the disc diffusion test, the broth micro-dilution method and a semiquantitative bioautographic test. The most sensitive microorganisms for P. cylindraceus oil were S. aureus, B. subtilis, and C. albicans with inhibition zones of 38, 42, and 43 mm and MIC values of 0.39, 0.18, and, 0.18 μL/mL, respectively. M. benghalensis oil showed weak to moderate activity against the tested microorganisms. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was employed to study the potential antioxidant activities of both oils. The antioxidant activity of P. cylindraceus oil (IC50 34.5 μg/mL) appeared to be higher than that of M. benghalensis oil (IC50 935 μg/mL). At a concentration of 100 μg/mL, EOMB showed a stronger cytotoxic activity, with growth inhibition of 71% against HT29 tumor cells, than EOPC (18%).

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Complementary and alternative medicine,Plant Science,Drug Discovery,Pharmacology,General Medicine

Reference41 articles.

1. WoodJ.R.I. (1997) A Handbook of the Yemen Flora. RoyalBotanical Gardens, Kew, UK, 236.

2. MillerG.A., MorrisM. (2004) Ethnoflora of the Soqotra Archipelago. Charlesworth Group, Huddersfield, UK, 457–464.

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