The Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Bio- and Total Synthesis of Bis-bibenzyls, from Liverworts and Their Biological Activity

Abstract

Little attention has been paid to the bryophytes for use in the human diet in spite of the presence of 23,000 species in the world. Some liverworts produce lipophilic terpenoids and phenolic bis-bibenzyls, possessing antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, cytotoxic, anti-oxidant, muscle relaxing, and antiobesity activities. In this review, the isolation, structures elucidation, bio- and total syntheses of bis-bibenzyls from several liverworts are discussed.