Dying from haemorrhagic cardiac tamponade – a case series

Abstract

Cardiac tamponade is a condition produced by the rapid accumulation of pericardial fluid, which restricts the filling of the heart. Often the forensic pathologist comes across different naturally occurring sudden deaths. Cardiovascular causes are the most common. Death due to cardiac tamponade can cause sudden cardiac death. Acute cardiac tamponade is almost invariably fatal, unless the pressure is relieved by removing the pericardial fluid, either by needle pericardiocentesis or surgical procedures. Cardiac tamponade is more commonly associated with cases of trauma, operative procedures, secondary to myocardial infarction or intra pericardial rupture of great vessels. Previous literature showed an association of cardiac tamponade with many other pathological conditions such as malignancy, central venous catheterisation, open heart surgery, dissecting aneurysm of the aorta, myocardial abscess, infective endocarditis, etc. We report a series of three cases where cardiac tamponade was given as the cause of death on autopsy secondary to post-myocardial infarction wall rupture.