Association of Wilms tumor in multicystic dysplastic kidneys: case report and review of the literature

Abstract

Multicystic dysplastic kidney is a rare urinary anomaly characterized by multiple non-communicating cysts resulting in a non-functional kidney. In addition to association with hypertension and contralateral renal anomalies, children with multicystic dysplastic kidney have an increased risk of Wilms tumor. Cohort studies and systematic reviews are hampered in estimating the true risk of this association due to the rarity and infrequent reporting of the condition. We present a case of a 2-year-old male child with an antenatal diagnosis of multicystic dysplastic kidney undergoing surveillance ultrasonography who presented with a symptomatic Wilms tumor. Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicentre audit.