Arteriographic patterns of peripheral arterial disease in lower limbs in a Peruvian cohort of patients

Abstract

Introduction There is currently no universal and uniform pattern of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the lower limbs; however, it is influenced by various cardiovascular factors of the individual. The objective of this study was to identify the arteriographic patterns of PAD in the lower limbs according to cardiovascular factors in a Peruvian cohort of patients. Methods This is an analytical, observational, and retrospective study. The arteriographic patterns of PAD in the aortoiliac segment were analyzed with the TransAtlantic InterSociety Consensus (TASC-II) score and the Global Anatomic Staging System (GLASS) for the femoropopliteal (FP), infraopopliteal (IP), and pedial (P) segments in a Peruvian cohort from January 2018 to May 2021. Results 595 patients (833 extremities) were analyzed with a mean age of 67.54 ± 16.39 years, and the main cardiovascular factor was diabetes (65.04%). The patients older than 65 years with GLASS FP 4 (p = 0.042), IP 0 (p = 0.004), and P2 ( p = 0.047) presented significant findings: in men and women with GLASS IP 4 ( p = 0.031) and P 2 ( p = 0.045); diabetes with TASC-II A ( p = 0.031), GLASS FP 4 ( p = 0.038), IP 4 ( p = 0.009), and P2 ( p = 0.003); dyslipidemia with TASC-II D ( p = 0.027), GLASS FP 4 ( p = 0.038), IP 0 ( p = 0.009), and P0 ( p = 0.003); smoking with TASC-II D ( p = 0.001), GLASS FP 4 ( p = 0.049) and IP 0 ( p = 0.008); chronic coronary disease with GLASS IP 4 ( p = 0.049) and P2 ( p = 0.037); chronic kidney disease with GLASS FP 4 ( p=0.047), IP 4 ( p = 0.004), and P2 ( p = 0.016); and previous amputation history with GLASS IP 4 ( p = 0.015) and P2 ( p = 0.039). The most frequent arteriographic pattern of PAD in the lower limbs of our cohort was TASC-II A, GLASS FP 0 and 4, IP 0, and P2 ( p = 0.047). Conclusion Our work will allow the limb salvage teams to understand the behavior of PAD affectation in the population of our environment, allowing a timely control of cardiovascular risk factors, adequate revascularization planning, and a significant reduction in the risk of loss of limb.