Utility of internal jugular vein reconstruction in modified radical neck dissection

Abstract

The benefits to modified radical neck dissection (MRND) are established but the procedure involves substantial neck dissection with occasional resection of the internal jugular vein (IJV). Loss of the IJV is associated with morbidity including increased cerebral edema, stroke, laryngeal edema, blindness, facial fullness, and dural thrombosis. This paper discusses the morbidity associated with MRND, especially regarding venous outflow concerns and technical approaches to IJV reconstruction. Patients who have previously undergone MRND may benefit from immediate reconstruction and/or reanastomosis of the IJV. An attempt to maintain at least one major functional venous drainage point for the head and neck is indicated to minimize the significant morbidity and mortality of bilateral loss of the IJVs. The Katsuno classification system of type A, B, and C IJV reconstruction methods, and the novel type K reconstruction, are discussed as methods of maintaining venous outflow from the head and neck.