Epidemiology of the use of inferior vena cava filters in Brazil between 2008 and 2019

Abstract

Objectives The primary objective was to study the totality of inferior vena cava filter placements and their temporal and geographic distribution in the Brazilian Public Health System, which insures more than 160 million Brazilians. The secondary objective was to analyze in-hospital mortality after filter placement and deaths due to pulmonary embolism. Methods Public and open data on in-hospital mortality due to pulmonary embolism and on rates of inferior vena cava filters placement, its associated diagnosis, and in-hospital mortality in Brazilian public hospitals between January 2008 and December 2019 were extracted from Ministry of Health databases. Results A total of 9108 inferior vena cava filters were placed, 98.18% of which was therapeutic. We observed a significant increase in the use of these devices over the years, from 508 inferior vena cava filters placed in 2008 to 965 in 2019. In-hospital mortality rate in patients who received inferior vena cava filters was 6.21%, stable over time, and 96.64% of causes of these causes were attributed to venous thromboembolism. The in-hospital mortality rate due to pulmonary embolism, regardless of the placement of vena cava filters, has increased significantly. Conclusion We observed a low but increasing rate of inferior vena cava filter placements in Brazil between 2008 and 2019, most indications were therapeutic. Our findings were heterogeneous across Brazilian regions and contrasted to those observed in the USA, which is likely due to cultural and socioeconomic factors.