Arterial lactate as a prognostic tool to predict mortality and disposition in the emergency department: A prospective observational single-centre study

Author:

Wilson William12ORCID,Selvaraj Dhiraj Ravindran3,Ramya Kumar MV12ORCID,Jain Vinayak12,Umra Simran12,Murty Shakuntala4

Affiliation:

1. Department of Emergency Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India

2. Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India

3. Division of Clinical Research and Training, St. John’s Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

4. Department of Emergency Medicine, St. John’s Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Background: Point-of-care tools are invaluable in the emergency department. Arterial lactate has been used for prognostication in subsets of population in the emergency department but not often for a heterogeneous population. Objectives: We aimed to study the use of arterial lactate as a prognostication and disposition tool in an undifferentiated population presenting to the emergency department. Methods: We conducted a prospective study among all consenting emergency department patients with age >18 years, who had an arterial blood gas performed as a part of routine care and had a lactate value ⩾2 mmol/L. We collected data on demographics, comorbidities and patient disposition from the emergency department and 28-day mortality as a follow-up telephonically. Results: We included 469 patients with a median age of 37 years. Sixteen provisional diagnoses were made in the emergency department, and pneumonia/lower respiratory tract infection was relatively higher (13.6%). The median lactate was 4.6 (interquartile range = 3.2–7) with 155 patients (33%) being transferred to intensive care unit and 62 deaths (13.2%) recorded at 28 days. Furthermore, we observed optimum values for lactates at 5 mmol/L predicted intensive care unit admissions and 6 mmol/L predicted mortality. A unit increase in arterial lactate in the emergency department significantly increased mortality by 66% (95% confidence interval = 1.45–1.88; p < 0.001) and had a 2.15 times (95% confidence interval = 1.63–2.83; p < 0.001) significantly higher chance of being transferred to the intensive care unit. Conclusion: Arterial lactate can be used as a prognostication tool for a heterogeneous population presenting to the emergency department. Clinical significance: Point-of-care investigations such as arterial lactate can help the emergency physician make quick decisions on the floor and guide prognostication and disposition.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Emergency Medicine

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