Infectious disease and political violence: Evidence from malaria and civil conflicts in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract

As an infectious disease, malaria consumes around 250 million yearly clinical cases and with more than half a million annual deaths. It has shown tremendous burden for the economic and social life of many countries around the world, particularly in the tropical and developing nations. The conventional wisdom claims that the prevalence of malaria infection either prolongs or should be positively correlated with outbreaks of civil conflicts. We contend that malaria infection should deter civil conflict occurrences because warming parties should avoid engaging each other in areas with rampant malaria infection. We test the hypothesis with 20 years of geo-referenced panel data of conflict event and malaria risk from Sub-Sahara Africa. Our result renders strong support for our hypothesis that areas with more malaria infection tends to have less civil conflicts.