Occurrence and Progression of Dental Abnormalities in the Black Fronted Duiker (Cephalophus niger) Due to Deficient Diet and Extreme Weather Phenomena

Abstract

This study aims to assess the contributory and predisposing effects of prolonged drought and climate phenomena on the occurrence of dental abnormalities among three age groups of the black duiker ( Cephalophus niger). 36 skulls comprised of 18 females and 18 males were examined. Each group consisted of 8 kids (age range 0-10 months) (4 males and 4 females), 14 mature individuals (age range 1-3 years) (7 males and 7 females) and 14 adults (age range older than 3½ years) (7 males and 7 females). It was observed that the most severe defects occurred in mature and old females during prolonged drought. Morphologic disruptions of the dentition occurred more frequently on the mandible relative to the maxilla. 93% showed apical dental aberration. Bone resorption occurred in 30% and 6% of females and males respectively with profile aberrations at both time stages, tooth staining was observed in 40% of females and 8% of males, attrition accounted for 15% in each of both sexes, 28% and 3% of the females and the males had missing teeth respectively with more occurrence in the premolars and the molar teeth. Calculus was found in 4% and 9% of the females and males respectively. These findings may be useful in determination of likely age and season for occurrence of dental pathologies, in evaluation of response to irrigation and may provide information to assist in bioremediation of dental pathology.