Non-Invasive Brain–Computer Interfaces: Development and Rehabilitation for Motor Disability

Abstract

Around 61 million people in the United States suffer from different forms of disability; of these, 13.7% suffer from a motor disability. Research in brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) has focused on curbing communication disabilities due to motor impairment. Many challenges and future developments lie ahead in the BCI world. The research on paradigms that guide the way to make communication easy for a person with motor impairment is the pillar of the BCI system. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the developments in non-invasive brain–computer interface and evaluate them. The authors discuss components of the BCI system and how it is formed. Neurofeedback based on different modalities is also analyzed. The results from initial studies have been successful, but paradigms and neurofeedback technologies have immense development potential, which can change the face of BCI systems for rehabilitation of motor disability.