Databases for Estimating Task Element Times: An Overview

Abstract

This article summarizes several databases (aka predetermined time systems) that provide estimated times for task elements (e.g., reach, move a mouse, make a specific decision, make a specific movement) which can be summed to estimate total task time. Databases emphasized include Methods Time Measurement (MTM), Work Factor, the Keystroke-Level Model (KLM), MODAPTS, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Recommended Practice J2365, and the Touchless Hand-Gesture-Level Model. Databases identified were drawn from industrial engineering, human-computer interaction, automotive interfaces, and other sources. In several cases, example element times and tables from these databases are provided to help readers appreciate and understand their content and structure. Also provided are 6 recommendations (e.g., choose the database that meets the analysis accuracy and time requirements; don’t mix databases with and without mental elements or those with different levels of resolution) to guide readers in database selection.