Imaging Evaluation of Pediatric Extremity Trauma, Part I: Injury Patterns in the Immature Skeleton and Imaging Modalities

Abstract

The injury patterns encountered in the extremities of infants and children differ from those seen in adults, predominantly due to significant differences in the composition and structure of the immature skeleton. A variety of fractures occur that are unique to children, and some of them tend to be subtle and easily overlooked. Plain radiographs remain an essential tool for the detection and management of such injuries. In addition, a variety of imaging modalities are available (e.g., CT, MRI, ultrasound) that provide additional information about musculoskeletal injuries which can be helpful in selected cases. This article presents the different types of injuries that can be expected in pediatric extremity trauma and discusses methods to improve detection on plain radiographs. The relative value and indications of other imaging modalities are also discussed.