Incidence of Gastric Mucosal Injury as Measured by Reactance in Critically Ill Patients

Abstract

Gastric reactance has been proposed as a measure of mucosal ischemic injury in the critically ill. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of gastric mucosal injury as measured by gastric reactance in different subgroups of critical patients. We studied 100 adult patients admitted to 7 different hospital intensive care units, requiring a nasogastric tube. Gastric impedance measurements were continuously obtained from each patient for 24 hours. Patients were managed based on conventional protocols by hospital staff, blinded to the changes in gastric impedance parameters. The low-frequency central reactance ( XL) reflects tissue edema caused by prolonged ischemia. The previously reported threshold of XL ≥ 13 − jΩ was used to classify injured mucosa; 80% of all patients had mean XL above this threshold. No significant differences were found in the incidence of mucosal ischemia between medical versus surgical, hemodynamic versus respiratory or neurological patients. Significant lower urine output was found in patients with XL above threshold ( P < .01); also, there was a significant effect of fluid balance in those patients ( P < .05). More complicated patients had higher average reactance. This study shows that gastric ischemia as estimated by gastric reactance has a very high incidence in the critically ill, independently of the reason for admission. High reactance is related with higher morbidity in agreement with other reports using different methods of assessing splanchnic hypoperfusion in this patient population.