Pulmonary Barotrauma in COVID-19 Patients With ARDS on Invasive and Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Author:

Rajdev Kartikeya1ORCID,Spanel Alan J.2,McMillan Sean2,Lahan Shubham3,Boer Brian1,Birge Justin2,Thi Meilinh1

Affiliation:

1. Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA

2. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA

3. University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India

Abstract

Background: We experienced a high incidence of pulmonary barotrauma among patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) at our institution. In current study, we sought to evaluate the incidence, clinical outcomes, and characteristics of barotrauma among COVID-19 patients receiving invasive and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation. Methodology: This retrospective cohort study included adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia and requiring oxygen support or positive airway pressure for ARDS who presented to our tertiary-care center from March through November, 2020. Results: A total of 353 patients met our inclusion criteria, of which 232 patients who required heated high-flow nasal cannula, continuous or bilevel positive airway pressure were assigned to non-invasive group. The remaining 121 patients required invasive mechanical ventilation and were assigned to invasive group. Of the total 353 patients, 32 patients (65.6% males) with a mean age of 63 ± 11 years developed barotrauma in the form of subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, or pneumomediastinum. The incidence of barotrauma was 4.74% (11/232) and 17.35% (21/121) in the non-invasive group and invasive group, respectively. The median length of hospital stay was 22 (15.7 −33.0) days with an overall mortality of 62.5% (n = 20). Conclusions: Patients with COVID-19 ARDS have a high incidence of barotrauma. Pulmonary barotrauma should be considered in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who exhibit worsening of their respiratory disease as it is likely associated with a high mortality risk. Utilizing lung-protective ventilation strategies may reduce the risk of barotrauma.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine

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