Task Force Orientation and Dyadic Relations in Organized Chinese Alien Smuggling

Abstract

This article describes the nature and features of Chinese crime organizations in alien smuggling. Data gathered in this study indicate that smuggling activities are carried out largely by entrepreneurs who form temporary business alliances with like individuals. Their relations are often dyadic, with limited organizational structure. Authority and hierarchy within a smuggling ring are based on the degree to which one's resources are critical to the operation, rather than on charisma or muscle. These criminal groups are best understood as task forces rather than as crime syndicates in the traditional sense.