Supratubercle Anterior Closing Wedge Osteotomy: No Changes in Patellar Height and Significant Decreases in Anterior Tibial Translation at 6 Months Postoperatively

Abstract

Background: Because of the increased prevalence of revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, there has been a desire to understand the role of posterior tibial slope on increased anterior tibial translation and increased ACL graft forces. One potential concern in supratubercle anterior closing wedge proximal tibial osteotomy (ACW-PTO) for decreasing the posterior tibial slope is the risk of altering the patellar height. Purpose: To radiographically assess changes in (1) patellar height, (2) anterior tibial translation, and (3) posterior tibial slope after supratubercle ACW-PTO. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Patients who underwent supratubercle ACW-PTO by a single surgeon between July 2019 and June 2023 were included. Standardized lateral knee weightbearing radiographs to assess patellar height (via the Caton-Deschamps index), anterior tibial translation of the lateral tibial plateau relative to the lateral femoral condyle, and posterior tibial slope were obtained at 4 time points (preoperatively and 1 day, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively). Paired t test was used to compare differences between preoperative, 1-day, and 3- and 6-month values for patellar height as measured using the Caton-Deschamps index and for posterior tibial slope. Paired t test was also used to compare differences in the preoperative and 6-month postoperative values for anterior tibial translation. Results: In 20 patients after ACW-PTO, the Caton-Deschamps index demonstrated a significant increase in patellar height on postoperative day 1 ( P < .001) but no significant differences at 3 ( P = .057) and 6 ( P = .176) months postoperatively. Anterior tibial translation on standing lateral knee radiographs was significantly decreased by a mean of 8.9 mm from preoperatively to 6 months postoperatively ( P < .001). Posterior tibial slope was significantly decreased by a mean of 11.2° from preoperatively to 6 months postoperatively ( P < .001). Conclusion: Supratubercle ACW-PTO performed for ACL reconstruction failure in the setting of an increased posterior tibial slope did not induce significant changes in patellar height postoperatively. Furthermore, after ACW-PTO, there was a significant decrease in anterior tibial translation and posterior tibial slope.