Clinical Outcomes After Arthroscopic Pancapsular Shift for the Treatment of Multidirectional Glenohumeral Instability at a Mean Follow-up of 9 Years

Abstract

Background: Arthroscopic treatment of multidirectional instability (MDI) of the shoulder is being increasingly performed, but there is a paucity of studies with minimum 5-year follow-up. Purpose: To report on survivorship and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after arthroscopic pancapsulorraphy (APC) for MDI with a minimum 5-year follow-up. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained before initiation of this retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Patients were included if they had a minimum of follow-up 5 years after APC for MDI. PROs included the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey Physical Component Summary; American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons; Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation; shortened version of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand; and patient satisfaction. Preoperative, short-term (1-2 years), and final follow-up PROs were compared. Recurrent instability, dislocation, and reoperation were collected, and survivorship analysis was performed. Results: A total of 49 shoulders in 44 patients (15 male, 29 female) treated between October 2005 and November 2015 were included in the study. MDI onset was atraumatic in 27 shoulders and traumatic in 22. Rotator interval closure was performed in 17 patients. Overall, 14 of 49 (29%) patients reported feelings of instability in the shoulder, of whom 5 (10.2%) underwent revision surgery at a mean of 1.5 years. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated a survivorship rate of 88% at 5 years and 82% at 8 years, with failure defined as requiring revision surgery or postoperative feelings of instability with ASES score <65. Final outcome analysis was performed on 41 shoulders with a mean follow-up of 9.0 years (range, 5.1-14.6 years). All PROs demonstrated significant improvement from preoperative baseline ( P < .05) and remained significantly improved at both short-term and long-term final follow-up. There was no difference in PROs based on \\ atraumatic versus traumatic onset, or patients treated with a rotator interval closure. There was a significant difference in PROs between patients who had continued instability. Conclusion: APC for the treatment of MDI provided reasonable, durable long-term PROs that persisted from short-term follow-up. Although 29% of patients experienced feelings of instability at final follow-up, most of these patients still had high postoperative satisfaction and acceptable PROs.