Short- to Medium-term Outcomes After a Modified Broström Repair for Lateral Ankle Instability With Immediate Postoperative Weightbearing

Abstract

Background: Anatomic techniques of ankle ligament repair have the advantage of restoring the anatomy and kinematics of the joint. This study presents a technique for anatomic reconstruction of the lateral ligament complex by way of lateral ligament advancement using suture anchors associated with immediate protected full weightbearing; 2- to 5-year clinical outcomes are reported. Hypothesis: This technique of providing an anatomic reconstruction with a secure fixation will enable early rehabilitation with immediate, protected weightbearing, with favorable outcomes. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Fifty-five patients with chronic lateral ankle instability who failed nonoperative management underwent modified Broström repair (lateral ligament fibular advancement) between 2005 and 2008. The anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament were released from the fibula and advanced using 2 double-loaded metallic suture anchors (3.5 mm). Full weightbearing in a walking boot was allowed from the first postoperative day. Patients were assessed preoperatively and at a minimum 2-year follow-up using the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score. Complication, failure (recurrent instability), and return-to-sport rates were also recorded. Results: Six patients (11%) were lost to follow-up, leaving a study group of 49 patients (23 men, 26 women). The mean age at the time of surgery was 25 years (range, 18-37 years), with a mean duration of symptoms of 1.8 years (range, 6 months to 5 years). The mean follow-up time was 42 months (range, 24-60 months). Significant improvement was seen in the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score from preoperatively to postoperatively (from 36 to 75.4, P < .001): the pain subscale improved from 35 to 75 ( P < .001), the symptom subscale from 29 to 77 ( P = .01), the function subscale from 45 to 77 ( P < .001), the function in sports and recreation subscale from 38 to 70 ( P < .001), and the foot and ankle–related quality of life subscale from 35 to 78 ( P < .001). No significant difference in range of motion with the contralateral side was seen ( P = .34). The failure rate was 6%, with 3 patients reporting residual instability after a traumatic retear. Two cases of superficial wound infection were seen. One case of temporary neurapraxia of the superficial peroneal nerve was observed. The return-to-sport rate was 94%. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament advancement using suture anchor fixation is an effective procedure for the treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability and allows immediate weightbearing.