Open Reconstruction of Large Bony Glenoid Erosion with Allogeneic Bone Graft for Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Dislocation

Abstract

Background Severe glenoid bone loss in recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability is rare and difficult to treat. Purpose The authors present a surgical technique using allogeneic bone grafting for open anatomic glenoid reconstruction in addition to the capsular shift procedure. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Nine consecutive patients with a history of recurrent anterior shoulder instability underwent reconstruction of large bony glenoid erosion with a femoral head allograft combined with an anteroinferior capsular shift procedure. Preoperative computed tomographic and arthroscopic evaluation was performed to confirm a ≥120° osseous defect of the anteroinferior quadrant of the glenoid cavity, which had an “inverted-pear” appearance. Patients were followed for at least 4.5 years (range, 4.5-14). Serial postoperative radiographs were evaluated. Functional outcomes were assessed using Rowe scores. Results All grafts showed bony union within 6 months after surgery. The mean Rowe score improved to 84 from a preoperative score of 24. The mean loss of external rotation was 7° compared with the normal shoulder. One subluxation and 1 dislocation occurred after grand mal seizures during follow-up. These 2 patients regained shoulder stability after closed reduction. The remaining patients did not report recurrent instability. All patients resumed daily activities without restricted motion. Conclusion This technique for open reconstruction is viable for the treatment of recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability with large bony glenoid erosion.