Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Portuguese Coaching Life Skills in Sport Questionnaire

Abstract

The Coaching Life Skills in Sport Questionnaire (CLSS-Q) is a 5-factor 36-item scale developed in the English language to assess the extent to which coaches are intentional in their approaches to teaching life skills through sport. To allow for usage of the CLSS-Q in Portuguese-speaking countries, the purpose of this study was to investigate the cross-cultural adaptation and the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the CLSS-Q (P-CLSS-Q). In Phase 1, the scale was cross-culturally adapted through consecutive stages of translation and back-translation, expert feedback, committee revision, and pretesting. In Phase 2, 753 youth sport coaches (i.e., 376 Brazilians and 377 Portuguese) completed the questionnaire. After randomly splitting participants into two independent samples, the translated and cross-culturally adapted questionnaire was subjected to an exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis. Other analyses were also applied to verify the instrument’s psychometric properties. The results led to a 5-factor 30-item scale with indications that the P-CLSS-Q has some evidence of validity in measuring the extent to which coaches intentionally teach life skills through sport in Portuguese-speaking countries. Future studies are needed to further investigate the psychometric properties of both the CLSS-Q and the P-CLSS-Q in other sociocultural contexts where coaches have varying levels of exposure to the concept of life skills and its implication for coaching practice.