Affiliation:
1. West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
2. The George Washington University, DC, USA
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the factors contributing to the late-stage diagnosis of breast cancer in African American and Hispanic women. Databases were electronically searched using Academic Search Complete; Alt Health Watch; APA PsycInfo; CINAHL with Full Text; Health and Psychosocial Instruments; Health Source—Consumer Edition; Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition; and MEDLINE. Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework was followed. The five levels of the socio-ecological model were used as theoretical guidelines. Social determinants of health (at the individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy levels) limited the adherence to breast cancer screening and led to the late-stage diagnosis of breast cancer, which impacted the survival rates. Multi-level efforts are required to address the social determinants of health, which impede care accessibility, and improve health outcomes for women experiencing health inequalities.
Subject
General Social Sciences,General Arts and Humanities
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