Assistive technology to enable sleep function in patients with acquired brain injury: Issues and opportunities

Abstract

Introduction Sleep disorders in patients with acquired brain injury are highly burdensome and associated with disability. An assistive technology framework emphasises the need to develop and apply a broad range of devices, strategies, and practices to ameliorate disabilities. We aimed to summarise scientific evidence regarding the utility of assistive technology in managing sleep disorders in patients with various causes of acquired brain injury. Method We retrieved articles before January 2016, through database searches of Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and various bibliographies. The person–environment–occupation framework was used to analyse complex data pertaining to technology application and utility. Results We found 21 studies that described seven assistive technologies (continuous positive airway pressure, adaptive servo ventilator, nasotracheal suction mechanical ventilation, positioning devices, cognitive behavioural therapy, light therapy, and acupuncture) utilised in patients with acquired brain injury to manage sleep disorders. Conclusion Assistive technologies demonstrated effectiveness in alleviating and/or managing sleep disorders after acquired brain injury. Adherence to using the technology is limited by the level of injury-induced cognitive and physical impairment, technological regime, and environmental support. Development of user-friendly sleep-assistive technologies that take into consideration functional limitations and practice guidelines on structural communication between the occupational therapist, patient, and caregiver may facilitate patients’ self-determination in managing sleep disorders.