Dosimetric Feasibility of Cone-Beam CT in Pediatric Image-Guided Retrograde Gastrostomy Tube Insertions

Abstract

Purpose: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in interventional radiology allows volumetric imaging with open patient access. This work aimed to assess radiation dose metrics of CBCT in simulated image-guided retrograde gastrostomy (IGRG) tube insertions in pediatric anthropomorphic phantoms and to compare them to measured radiation dose metrics obtained using fluoroscopy during clinical IGRG tube insertions in children. Methods: Radiation dose indices obtained from radiation dose structured reports of fluoroscopic IGRG tube insertions were retrospectively evaluated in a consecutive cohort of 30 children. Dose indices were fractionated into 3 clinical stages for each procedure ( planning, insertion, and confirmation). These 3 stages in 30 patients (3 × 30 = 90 patient stages) were compared to dose indices measured from 4 CBCT acquisition protocols acquired in pediatric phantoms. Results: The mean proportion of radiation dose during planning, insertion, and confirmation was 35%, 38% and 27%, with mean reference-point air kerma (range) measured to be 1.0 (0.02-6.0) mGy, 0.9 (0.03-4.1) mGy, and 0.7 (0.04-3.7) mGy, respectively. Cone-beam computed tomography dose varied greatly depending on technical parameters and protocol selection, ranging from 0.7 to 39.3 mGy. In 19% of patient stages, the most dose-sparing CBCT protocol evaluated on phantoms delivered less radiation than the radiation dose indices recorded from patient’s fluoroscopy. Conclusions: From a dosimetric perspective, radiation delivered in CBCT can vary widely, yet can be appreciably low. With appropriate CBCT protocol selection, the radiation dose delivered may be sufficiently low to warrant consideration for use, if clinically needed during difficult IGRG tube insertions, and satisfy the interventionalist’s benefit–risk assessment.