Use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of patients with cancer and preexisting autoimmune disease: An integrative review

Abstract

Introduction Checkpoint inhibitors (PCI) have reached an important place in the pharmaceutical market in the treatment of various types of cancer. However, due to immune-related adverse events (IRAE) to the treatment, patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases (PAD) are excluded from clinical studies, leading to a large gap in knowledge on this topic. This study aims to discuss the use of PCI in the patients with cancer and PAD by an integrative review. Methods For this integrative review we carried out research from 2013 to 2022 using database platforms for observational studies reporting data from safety and efficacy of PCI in patients with cancer and PAD. Results The search resulted in 161 articles and after applying the exclusion criteria, 15 clinical studies that adopted a retrospective observational design were selected and analyzed. The age range of patients was 54–71 years, with 19–68% male. The proportion of patients clinically active or receiving immunosuppressants who were initiated on PCI ranged from 0% to 57% and 14% to 73%, respectively. The mean reported follow-up time ranged from 8.0 to 16.8 months. The occurrence of an outbreak or the new IRAE had an average of 32.6%. Conclusion IRAE are frequent in patients who use PCI and have cancer and PAD, carrying discontinuation of therapy. However, the multidisciplinary team needs to be aligned to manage these situations in the best way.