Analysis of adverse events leading to dose reduction/interruption of lenvatinib treatment in patients with Child-Pugh B unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract

Introduction We aimed to compare the safety of lenvatinib as first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with Child-Pugh A (CP-A) and Child-Pugh B (CP-B) and to determine the adverse events (AEs) that cause dose reduction/interruption of treatment in patients with CP-B. Methods Sixty-six patients with lenvatinib as a first-line treatment for HCC at Ogaki Municipal Hospital (Ogaki, Japan) between April 2018 and January 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. We analyzed the treatment duration, AEs, and reasons for dose reduction/interruption associated with lenvatinib treatment in patients with CP-A and CP-B HCC. Results The CP-B group had significantly more cases of grade ≥ 2 fatigue and anorexia than the CP-A group ( p  =  0.045 and p  =  0.042, respectively). Regarding AEs that caused dose reduction/interruption of treatment, the CP-A group had significantly more cases of proteinuria than the CP-B group ( p  =  0.015), whereas the CP-B group had significantly more cases of hand-foot syndrome (HFS) than the CP-A group ( p  =  0.013). Conclusion Patients with CP-B have greater difficulty than patients with CP-A in continuing treatment with repeated dose reductions/interruption of treatment due to intolerable grade ≥ 2 AEs (fatigue and anorexia). HFS is more likely to cause dose reduction/interruption of treatment in CP-B than in CP-A unresectable HCC.