Evaluation of chemotherapy infusion and phlebitis among cancer patients: A prospective observational single-center study

Abstract

Introduction Chemotherapy is an integral part of cancer management which is associated with phlebitis in around 70% of patients receiving intravenous chemotherapy infusion. Thus, we aimed to estimate the incidence, severity, and management of phlebitis associated with chemotherapy infusion among cancer patients. Methods A prospective study was conducted among 145 patients receiving intravenous chemotherapy for the duration of six months in the oncology department. The relevant data for phlebitis was obtained and assessed using Phlebitis Grading Scale and Visual Analogue Scale for the assessment of severity and pain due to phlebitis, respectively. Results Out of 145 patients, female (56.6%) patients predominated over male patients (43.5%) with a mean age of 53.5 ± 11.82 years. Phlebitis was encountered in 30.34% of patients among whom 22.8% (33) were females followed by 7.6% were males and the majority of patients (13.1%) were from the 46 to 60 years age group. Phlebitis was observed frequently among stage 2 (11%) and satge 4 (11%) patients. The highest incidence of phlebitis was seen among hypertensive (34.09%) and diabetic patients (27.27%) followed by those receiving chemotherapy through the 20-gauge intravenous cannula (22.8%) and 22-gauge (6.9%). Platinum compounds (56.8%) were commonly associated with phlebitis, followed by cyclophosphamide (20.5%). Heparin and benzyl nicotinate topical gel were used to treat phlebitis. Conclusion Platinum and cyclophosphamide are commonly associated with phlebitis which can be managed by topical heparin plus benzyl nicotinate. Phlebitis shouldn’t be ignored as it has a high incidence, affects the quality of life, and increases the treatment burden.