Sociodemographic and Clinicoradiological Profile in Acute Stroke Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: This study was carried out to know the demographic and clinicoradiological profile of acute stroke patients in our hospital, which will provide baseline data to plan for future preventive strategies for government and will help young physicians to deal with this disabling disease. Materials and Methods: A total of 250 patients with age >18 years were recruited for a hospital-based prospective analytical study. The participants were selected from those who attended the emergency department or were admitted to the hospital with a new onset of stroke, confirmed by neuroimaging such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The study population comprised patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of acute stroke, above 18 years of age, and willing to provide informed written consent. Patients with old cerebrovascular accidents, transient ischemic attacks, stroke mimics, intracerebral bleed posthead trauma, or inconclusive or normal CT/MRI scans were excluded from the study. Results: Our study population ( n = 262) had a mean age of 60.1 ± 14.8 years, with 181 males (69%) and 81 females (31%). The stroke subtypes were as follows: ischemic (54.6%), hemorrhagic (42%), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (3.4%). Hypertension (85.1%), alcohol consumption (63%), and dyslipidemia (59.5%) were the predominant risk factors in our patients. In our study, majority of the hemorrhagic stroke was distributed in capsuloganglionic area (77 patients), followed by temporoparietal area and intraventricular bleed (10 patients each). In our study, there were 143 patients with ischemic stroke, among which 58 were in the left middle cerebral artery (MCA), 46 in the right MCA, 6 in the left anterior cerebral artery (ACA), 14 in the right ACA, and 18 in posterior cerebral artery territories. In our study, the sensitivity of clinical localization of anterior circulation stroke was 94.35%, specificity of 89.47%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 70.83%, and positive predictive value (PPV) of 98.32%. Similarly, the sensitivity of clinical localization of posterior circulation stroke (PCS) was 89.47%, specificity of 94.35%, NPV of 98.32%, and PPV of 70.83%. Conclusion: The most common stroke subtype was ischemic (54.6%), followed by hemorrhagic (42%) and SAH (3.4%). Hypertension, alcohol consumption, and dyslipidemia were the predominant risk factors. Among hemorrhagic strokes, the capsuloganglionic area had the highest distribution. The clinical localization showed high sensitivity and specificity for both anterior and PCSs.