Socioeconomic Status and Cochlear Implant Usage: A Datalogging Study

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the associations between proxy measures of socioeconomic status (SES) and usage of cochlear implants. Study Design: Retrospective case series. Methods: Usage outcomes were measured among patients with a cochlear implant and data logging at a tertiary care children’s hospital between 2002 and 2017. Time per day with cochlear implant turned on, coil off, and listening to speech in noise and speech in quiet were extracted from audiology records, averaging right and left ear usage for those with bilateral implants. Associations between cochlear implant usage and demographic factors such as insurance type and median household income for zip code were assessed. Results: There were 142 total patients; 74 had bilateral usage data. Mean on air time was 10.76 hours (SD: 4.4). Those with private insurance had 1.2 hour more on air time/day ( P = .047) and 0.9 hour more quiet time/day ( P = .011) compared to those with public insurance. Younger age at last visit was associated with increased speech in quiet ( B = −.08; 95% CI: −0.12-[−0.05], P < .001) and coil off ( B = −0.06; 95% CI: −0.11-[−0.02], P = .006). Younger age at implant was associated with longer duration since last data logging visit ( B = −10.46; 95% CI: −18.41-[−2.51], P = .010), more daily use (on air; B = −0.23; 95% CI: −0.43-[−0.03], P = .026), and increased time spent listening to speech in noise ( B = −0.07; 95% CI: −0.14-[−0.01], P = .024). No other significant associations between datalogging output and each proxy SES factor were found. Conclusions: Lack of private insurance and older age at implantation decreased access to binaural hearing for children and young adults with cochlear implants.