Angioedema: A Review of 367 Episodes Presenting to Three Tertiary Care Hospitals

Abstract

Objectives: We evaluated the clinical characteristics of patients treated for angioedema, and determined the factors associated with the clinical course. Methods: We performed a chart review of 367 episodes presenting from 1997 through 2008. Results: The mean (±SD) age was 51.8 ± 20.1 years; 65.7% of the episodes occurred in female patients; 62.4% of the episodes were in African American patients. The patients were on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) for 49.1% of the episodes, and an inciting factor (diet change, minor trauma, or exposure to fumes) was present for 21.5%. We found that 75.7% of the episodes were type 1 angioedema, 5.7% were type 2, 1.4% were type 3, and 17.2% involved multiple sites; 58% of the episodes required admission. For 3.3% of the episodes, the patients were intubated, and in 0.3% of the episodes, the patients required a tracheostomy. Logistic regression identified non–African American race, allergies, alcohol use, use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs, multiple sites, and age as associated with the need for admission. Bivariate analysis identified age, multiple affected sites, stridor, hoarseness, dysphagia, and drooling as associated with intubation or tracheostomy. Conclusions: The novel findings of this study are lower rates of airway intervention than reported previously and the fact that multiple affected sites were associated with admission and intubation or tracheostomy, particularly when the edema involved the larynx or hypopharynx.