Serum Adiponectin and Leptin Among Ghanaian Migrants in Amsterdam and Their Compatriots in Rural and Urban Ghana: The RODAM Study

Author:

Kusi-Mensah Yaw A12345ORCID,Hayfron-Benjamin Charles1234,Chetty Sean5,van der Linden Eva L12,Meeks Karlijn AC16,Beune Erik1,Anokye-Danso Frederick7,Ahima Rexford S7,van den Born Bert-Jan12,Agyemang Charles17

Affiliation:

1. Department of Public & Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

2. Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

3. Department of Physiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana

4. Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana

5. Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University (Tygerberg Hospital), Cape Town, South Africa

6. Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

7. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

Abstract

Background: The rapidly rising cardiometabolic disease (CMD) burden in urbanizing sub-Saharan African populations and among sub-Saharan African migrants in Europe likely affects serum adiponectin and leptin levels, but this has not yet been quantified. Objectives: To compare the serum levels of adiponectin and leptin among migrant, and non-migrant (urban and rural) populations of Ghanaian descent. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of serum leptin and adiponectin in the multi-centre Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM) study. Logistic-regression models were used to examine the association between these adipocyte-derived hormones after stratification (sex, geographic area) and adjustments for potential confounders. Results: A total of 2518 Ghanaians were included. Rural participants had the highest serum adiponectin and lowest leptin levels compared to Amsterdam and urban Ghanaians ( P < .001). In fully adjusted models, participants living in urban Ghana had significantly higher odds of hyperleptinemia compared to rural participants (women-odds ratio 2.88; 95% CI, 1.12-7.38, P = .028 and men 43.52, 95% CI, 4.84-391.25, P < .001). Urban Ghanaian men also had higher odds of elevated leptin: adiponectin ratio (6.29, 95% CI, 1.43-27.62, P = .015). The odds of hyperleptinemia were only higher in Amsterdam Ghanaian men (10.56; 95% CI, 1.11-100.85, P = .041), but not in women (0.85; 95% CI, 0.30-2.41, P = .759). There was no significant association between hypoadiponectinemia and geographical location in both sexes. Conclusion: Urbanization is associated with serum adiponectin and leptin levels after adjusting for confounding covariates in sub-Saharan Africans. These findings serve as a backdrop for further research on the role adipokines play in CMD epidemiology among Africans.

Funder

european commission

center for information technology research in the interest of society

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

General Medicine

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