Registration of essential medicines in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda: a retrospective analysis

Author:

Green A1,Lyus R1ORCID,Ocan M2,Pollock AM1ORCID,Brhlikova P1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK

2. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Makerere University, Republic of Uganda, Kampala, PO Box 7062

Abstract

Objectives To audit national drug registers (NDRs) in Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda with respect to national Essential Medicine Lists (EMLs) and to conduct an analysis of highly registered products including a sub-analysis of highly registered antimicrobial products. Design Retrospective analysis of registration of essential medicines and medicinal products on NDRs as of February 2018. Setting Not applicable. Participants None. Main outcome measures Registration status of essential medicines by country, essential medicine status of registered products by country and medicines with more than 50 registrations across all three countries. Results A high proportion of essential medicines are not registered: Kenya 28% (175/632), United Republic of Tanzania 50% (400/797) and Uganda 40% (266/663). Of registered products on the NDRs, more than half are not essential: Kenya 71% (4350/6151), United Republic of Tanzania 64% (2278/3590) and Uganda 58% (2268/3896). When the three NDRs were combined, there were 42 medicines with over 50 registered products, accounting for 30% (4153/13637) of products, many of which were non-essential. Conclusions Non-registration of essential medicines is a barrier to availability. Over-registration of medicines, particularly non-essential medicines, diverts regulatory resources towards registering non-priority and, sometimes, clinically sub-optimal medicines. The East African Community Medicines Registration Harmonization Project has the potential to improve access to key medicines if registration of essential medicines is prioritised and registration of non-essential medicines is restricted.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

General Medicine

Reference29 articles.

1. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Access to Medicines – A Fundamental Element of the Right to Health. Geneva, 2019. See www.ohchr.org/en/development/access-medicines-fundamental-element-right-health (last checked 28 March 2023).

2. World Health Organization. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines: 20th List. Geneva, 2017 See https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/273826/EML-20-eng.pdf?ua=1 (last checked 28 march 2023).

3. Differences in the availability of medicines for chronic and acute conditions in the public and private sectors of developing countries

4. Essential Medicines Are More Available than Other Medicines around the Globe

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