Valoctocogene Roxaparvovec and Etranacogene Dezaparavovec: Novel Gene Therapies for Hemophilia A and B

Abstract

Objective: To review efficacy and safety data of valoctocogene roxaparvovec (Roctavian) and etranacogene dezaparavovec (Hemgenix), novel gene therapies for the treatment of the life-threatening bleeding disorders hemophilia A and B, respectively. Data Sources: A PubMed/Google Scholar search from inception through August 11, 2023 was conducted using the following keywords: gene therapy, hemophilia A, hemophilia B, etranacogene dezaparavovec, valoctocogene roxaparvovec, and bleeding. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Data, including phase 1 to 3 clinical trials (non-comparator), were obtained from primary literature and package inserts. These reports evaluated clinical pharmacology, efficacy, safety, adverse events, warnings, and precautions. Data Synthesis: Valoctocogene phase 3 study in males (n = 134): 87% had factor VIII (FVIII) levels that at least met criteria for mild hemophilia. Etranacogene phase 3 study in males (n = 54): within 3 weeks of infusion, mean factor IX (FIX) levels had reached 26.8 IU/dL. Both therapies provided clinically and statistically significant decreases in bleeding events and prophylactic factor infusions. Most common adverse event was elevations in liver function tests that were treated with glucocorticoids. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice in Comparison with Existing Drugs: The endogenous production of clotting factors mimics physiological production while decreasing morbidity and mortality related to bleeding events similar to the effects of existing replacement strategies. Gene therapy was also shown to increase patient quality of life. Conclusion: Valoctocogene and etranacogene provide another treatment for selected patients with hemophilia. Treatment for the patient with hemophilia (gene therapy vs replacement strategy) must be personalized as new clinical data are published being cognizant of drug affordability.