Heparin-Induced Hyperkalemia

Abstract

Heparin-induced hypoaldosteronism leading to hyperkalemia is an uncommon adverse effect. It appears as though heparin blocks an enzymatic step in the synthesis of aldosterone, and reduced aldosterone levels may be evident as early as four days after initiation of therapy. Although all patients who receive heparin may have reduced aldosterone levels, most are able to compensate through increased renin production and therefore remain asymptomatic. However, patients on prolonged heparin therapy or those unable to adequately increase renin production (e.g., patients with diabetes or renal insufficiency) may exhibit signs of hypoaldosteronism, such as hyperkalemia. The assistance of Leanne Wierzbowski in manuscript preparation is acknowledged.