Allograft Involvement by Lymphoproliferative Disorders after Lung Transplantation: Report from the PTLD.Int Survey

Abstract

Objective Few cases of graft posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in pulmonary transplant recipients have been reported. Published data on PTLD are pooled to analyze and compare characteristics, predictors, and prognosis of pulmonary PTLDs arising in lung allograft recipients. Materials and Methods PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for reports of lymphoproliferative disorders occurring within the graft in lung transplant recipients. Data from 23 studies were pooled and analyzed. Results Data from 137 patients (61 graft locations) with PTLD after lung transplantation were analyzed. Lung recipients with pulmonary graft PTLD were significantly more likely to have early-onset PTLD (70% vs 31%, respectively; P< .001). Lung graft PTLD also was associated with having tested negative for infection with Epstein-Barr virus before transplantation ( P = .05). Log-rank test showed significantly higher survival rates for pulmonary transplant recipients with allograft complication than for recipients with PTLD elsewhere ( P = .02). Conclusion Pulmonary transplant recipients who show early symptoms of impaired graft function should be evaluated for a potential lung graft PTLD in addition to being assessed for risk of rejection. Further prospective studies with large populations of patients are needed to confirm these results.