An Analysis of Critical Care Staff's Attitudes to Donation in a Country with Presumed-Consent Legislation

Abstract

Context Lack of knowledge and confidence among critical care staff in identifying potential donors and communicating with donor families may explain missed organ and tissue donations. Objectives To elucidate attitudes of critical care staff toward donation and their knowledge, involvement, and self-reported skills and confidence levels with donation-related tasks. Methods Between January 2004 and May 2006, Donor Action Foundation's Hospital Attitude Survey was used to collect data from staff members in critical care units in our university hospital (study group) and 2 other Belgian university hospitals (control group). In total, 92 physicians, 433 nurses, and 26 other staff members participated. Results The 2 groups did not differ significantly with regard to donation-related attitudes. The study group had a significantly lower perception of the public's approval of organ donation than did the control group ( P <.001). Nurses reported significantly less involvement than did physicians ( P <.001) in caring for potential donors, communicating severe brain damage, explaining brain death, requesting donation, and contacting procurement staff. Probably because of previous training, physicians in the study group reported less need for additional training on donation-related issues than did control physicians. However, compared with physicians, nurses in the study group requested significantly more training on a number of donation tasks. Nurses with more than 5 years of critical care experience were consistently more confident with donation-related tasks. Conclusion Support rates for donation are high overall, and previous training is associated with improved attitudes and decreased educational needs. Educational efforts tailor-made for nurses should increase nurses' confidence levels when confronted with potential donors and their next of kin.