Iodine Stability and Sensory Quality of Fermented Fish and Fish Sauce Produced with the Use of Iodated Salt

Abstract

Background Universal salt iodization promotes the use of iodated salt for producing industrial food products, although it might affect product quality and iodine stability. Objective To assess iodine loss during fermentation of fermented fish and fish sauces produced by using iodated salt and the effect on product sensory quality. Methods Fermented fish and fish sauces were produced with iodated rock and grain sea salts (approximately 30 ppm iodine). Fermented fish was prepared from freshwater fish mixed with salt and rice bran and fermented for 6 months at room temperature. Fish sauces were prepared by mixing anchovy with salt and fermenting either exposed to sunlight or in the shade for 12 months. Residual iodine was determined with a spectrophotometer at day 0 and months 1, 3, and 6 for fermented fish and day 0 and months 3, 6, and 12 for fish sauces. After fermentation, the products were tested for sensory acceptability by Laotian and Thai panelists (approximately 50 in each panel) after they were cooked and served in the traditional manner. Results After fermentation, the level of residual iodine was 7.61 ppm (16% loss) in fermented fish, 5.57 ppm (55% loss) in fish sauce prepared with exposure to sunlight, and 9.52 ppm (13% loss) in fish sauce prepared in the shade. Sensory qualities of the products that were produced from fortified and unfortified salts as well as dishes prepared from these products were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Conclusions It is feasible to produce fermented fish and fish sauces with iodated salt and maintain acceptable iodine levels.