Magnitude of Zinc Deficiency among Nulliparous Nonpregnant Women in a Rural Community of Haryana State, India

Abstract

Zinc deficiency during pregnancy affects the outcome of pregnancy. A high prevalence of zinc deficiency (55.5%) has been reported among pregnant women. It is not known whether pregnancy leads to zinc deficiency due to the increased fetal needs or whether the women are zinc deficient when they become pregnant. No data are available on the zinc status of nulliparous nonpregnant women from India. To assess the magnitude of zinc deficiency among nulliparous nonpregnant women in a rural community of Haryana State, India. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in six villages of a rural area in a district of Haryana State, India. All nulliparous nonpregnant women aged 18 years or over who were willing to participate in the study were enrolled. Each woman was questioned about her age, socioeconomic status, and dietary pattern with the use of a pretested semistructured questionnaire. Blood from the antecubital vein was drawn to assess the serum zinc levels using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Serum zinc levels less than 70.0 μg/dl were considered to indicate zinc deficiency. The dietary intakes of zinc, protein, and calories were assessed by the 24-hour dietary recall method. Two hundred eighty-eight nulliparous nonpregnant women were enrolled. Forty-one percent had zinc deficiency, and 75.7%, 1.4%, and 7.3% of the women consumed less than 50% of the recommended intake of zinc, protein, and calories, respectively. Women who consumed less than 50% of the recommended intake of calories (1,875 kcal) were at a 4.9 times higher risk of zinc deficiency than women who consumed more than 50% of the recommended intake. A high prevalence of zinc deficiency was found among the nulliparous nonpregnant women in the area studied.