Development of a Streamlined, Non-invasive Robotic Radiosurgery Method for Treatment of Uveal Melanoma

Abstract

To analyze the feasibility and safety of frameless, image-guided robotic radiosurgery against uveal melanoma, we developed a streamlined procedure that is completed within 3 hours under retrobulbar anesthesia without immobilization. Twenty patients (10 men and 10 women) with medium (3–5-mm prominence) and large (>5-mm prominence) unilateral uveal melanomas were treated with a frameless robotic radiosurgery system. Median age was 61 years (range 32–78 years). All patients underwent a single-session procedure beginning with retrobulbar anaesthesia, followed by computerized tomography (CT) scanning that was used in the generation of a treatment plan, and then the delivery of a radiosurgical tumor dose between 18 and 22 Gy to the 70% isodose line. Three-dimensional treatment planning was aimed at securing the optical lens and the optic disc as much as possible. Follow-up occurred at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after the radiosurgery with clinical, ultrasound, and CT studies. We were able to treat all patients in the frameless setup within 3 hours. In five patients with lateral and dorsal tumors, the dose to the optic lens could be kept below 2 Gy. The clinical response was evaluated for the first seven patients treated with a follow-up of at least 6 months. No local recurrences occurred with any of the clinically evaluated patients for a mean 13-month follow-up (range 6–22 months). Maximum median apical tumor height according to standardized A-scan ultrasound evaluations decreased from 7.7 to 5.6 mm (p < 0.1). The median reflectivity increased from 41% to 70% (p < 0.01). None of the patients developed a secondary glaucoma during the short-term follow-up period. Frameless, single-session, image-guided robotic radiosurgery is a feasible, safe and comfortable treatment option for patients with uveal melanoma. Longer follow-up and analysis of a larger patient series is required for definitive clinical recommendations.