What are acute NHS trusts in England doing to prevent the cross-border spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae?

Abstract

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) pose a significant threat to global public health as these organisms have the potential to cause infections which are easily spread and are associated with high mortality rates. Aim/Objective: The aim of this study was to establish which screening strategies acute NHS trusts in England have chosen to adopt and whether or not that strategy has prevented or is likely to prevent the cross-border spread of CRE. Methods: All acute NHS trusts in England were invited to participate in a multicentre quantitative study. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire relating to their local CRE screening protocol. Findings/Results: Of the 91 participating trusts, 83 (91.2%) adhere to Public Health England (2013) guidance. However, only 22 (24.2%) trusts have adopted the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2016) recommendations. In total, 31 (34.1%) trusts reported incidences of person-to-person transmission, of which 45.2% were related to foreign travel. Furthermore, 31 (34.1%) trusts reported that patients who have had an admission to a hospital in the UK not known to have a high prevalence of healthcare-associated CRE in the last 12 months had screened positive. Discussion: This study has demonstrated that inter-hospital transmission is as much of a concern as cross-border spread. Mandatory participation in enhanced surveillance could provide PHE with the epidemiological evidence required to support this stance and help to develop new national guidance.