New evidence supports the continuous development of rice cultivation and early formation of mixed farming in the Middle Han River Valley, China

Author:

Huan Xiujia1ORCID,Deng Zhenhua23ORCID,Xiang Jinhui4,Lu Houyuan15

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, China

2. Center for the Study of Chinese Archaeology, Peking University, China

3. School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, China

4. School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, China

5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Abstract

Located in the transitional region between northern and southern China, the middle Han River valley is of pivotal significance for current debates on rice domestication and the formation of mixed farming in early China. Based on phytoliths and macro-plant remains from 10 sites, along with radiocarbon dating, this study has narrowed the 2000-year gap in early rice utilization by 700 years in the middle Han River valley, and demonstrated the continuous development of rice agriculture in this region. This new evidence also reveals that as early as 7000 cal. BP, mixed farming emerged in this region and facilitated the further southward dispersal of foxtail millet and broomcorn millet into southern China and beyond. In addition, a sample-by-sample comparison of our results with phytoliths and macro-plant remains highlighted the potential biases inherent in these methods. This work emphasized the importance of multi-index archaeobotanical analysis to reconstruct ancient crop assemblages.

Funder

Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

National Key Research and Development Program of China

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Paleontology,Earth-Surface Processes,Ecology,Archeology,Global and Planetary Change

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