Similar incidence of postoperative sciatic nerve palsy in direct anterior and posterior approach total hip arthroplasty

Abstract

Background: Sciatic nerve palsy is a rare but devastating complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA). While the use of the direct anterior approach is increasing, limited data exist regarding sciatic nerve palsy and surgical approach. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors and outcomes associated with sciatic nerve palsy (SNP) after THA. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed at a single institution of 7 SNP that occurred in 4045 THA via direct anterior approach and 10 SNP in 8854 THA via posterior approach, being operated between 01 January 2017 and 12 December 2021. SNP patients were matched 1:5 to patients without SNP. Medical records were reviewed for demographics including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, and preoperative indication. Additional workup of SNP patients including advanced imaging and reoperation were documented. Recovery grades were assigned to all SNP patients at most recent clinical follow-up. Results: 5 of the SNP were complete and 12 partial. They occurred as frequently with the direct anterior (0.17%) and posterior approach (0.11%, p  = 0.5). The presence of femur cables and reoperations were associated with SNP ( p  = 0.04 and p  = 0.002, respecitvely). Age, gender, BMI, comorbidities, and surgical indication had no effect on SNP. 4 of the 17 affected patients had almost complete recovery at latest follow-up. Conclusions: The incidence of SNP was similar in direct anterior and posterior approach. Surgeons should counsel patients regarding the risks of SNP regardless of the used approach.