Evaluation of the labrum on postoperative magnetic resonance images: a predictor of acetabular development in developmental dysplasia of the hip

Abstract

Introduction: Residual acetabular dysplasia of the hip after open reduction can complicate the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) due to the potential need for corrective surgery. This retrospective study aimed to determine the predictive factors for acetabular development using postoperative radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: We retrospectively investigated 74 hips of patients with DDH who underwent open reduction after reaching walking age and were followed up radiologically until skeletal maturity. We evaluated the cartilaginous acetabulum and labrum using a new method that measures the cartilaginous and labral landmarks on coronal and axial MR T2*-weighted images in patients aged 5 years. The mean age at the time of surgery was 22 months and that at the final survey was 20 years. Severin classification was determined at the final follow-up. Groups with good (53 hips) and poor (21 hips) outcomes were compared using the postoperative radiographic and MRI parameters recorded at 5 years of age. Factors predicting acetabular development were identified using univariate and multiple logistic analyses. Results: There were no significant differences in the bony-acetabular index (AI) and centre-edge (CE) angle between the good and poor outcome groups. However, the poor outcome group had significantly larger cartilaginous- and labral-AIs but significantly smaller cartilaginous- and labral-CE angles than the good outcome group (both p < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that labral-AI and labral-CE angle were predictors of acetabular development after open reduction for DDH, and their optimal cut-offs were 4° (77% sensitivity, 76% specificity) and 37° (68% sensitivity, 85% specificity), respectively. Discussion: Normal cartilaginous acetabulum development occurs in childhood, and evaluation using only radiographs is difficult. However, labral-AI ⩾4° and labral-CE angle <37° on MRI at 5 years of age offer useful indications for corrective surgery in patients with DDH.