The international normalised ratio predicts perioperative complications in revision total hip arthroplasty

Abstract

Background: Standard preoperative protocols in total joint arthroplasty utilise the international normalised ratio (INR) to determine patient coagulation profiles. However, the relevance of preoperative INR values in joint arthroplasty remains controversial. Therefore, we examined (1) the relationship between preoperative INR values and various outcome measures, including, but not limited to: surgical site complications, medical complications, bleeding, number of readmissions, and mortality. Additionally, we sought to determine (2) specific INR values associated with these complications and (3) cutoff INR levels which correlated with specific outcomes. We additionally applied these analyses to (4) examine the relationship between INR and length-of-stay (LOS). Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (ACS-NSQIP) was queried for rTHA procedures performed between 2006 and 2017. INR ranges were used to stratify cohorts: ⩽1.0, 1.0–⩽1.25, 1.25–⩽1.5, >1.5. INR values were determined using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves for each outcome of interest. Optimal cutoff INR values for each outcome were then obtained using univariate/multivariate models. 2012 patients who underwent rTHA met inclusion criteria. Results: Patients with progressively higher INR values had a significantly different risk of mortality within 30 days ( p = 0.005), bleeding requiring transfusion ( p < 0.001), sepsis ( p = 0.002), stroke ( p < 0.001), failure to wean from ventilator within 48 hours ( p = 0.001), readmission ( p = 0.01), and hospital length of stay ( p < 0.001). Similar results were obtained when utilising optimal INR cutoff values. When correcting for other factors, the following poor outcomes were significantly associated with the respective INR cutoff values (Estimate, 95% CI, p-value): LOS >4 days (1.67, 1.34–2.08, p < 0.001), bleeding requiring transfusion (1.65, 1.30–2.09, p < 0.001), sepsis (2.15, 1.11–4.17, p = 0.022), and any infection (1.82, 1.01–3.29, p = 0.044). Conclusions: Our analysis illustrates a direct relationship between specific preoperative INR levels and poor outcomes following rTHA, including increased LOS, transfusion requirements and infection. Therefore, current INR guideline targets may need to be re-examined when optimising patients for revision arthroplasty.