Could HPV Type 33 Be More Risky Than We Thought?

Abstract

Objective: The distribution of human papilloma virus (HPV) genotypes varies by country and region. HPV is the most important risk factor for cervical cancer and HPV 16/18 is the most common genotype. Other high risk HPVs (hrHPVs) other than HPV 16 and 18 contribute significantly to invasive disease. In this study, we aimed to reveal the frequency of association of HPV 16, 18 and other high-risk-HPV types with CIN 2 + (CIN 2 and above) cervical lesions in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and to support the literature especially on the management of high-risk-HPV types other than 16 and 18. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study, which was conducted on 264 patients and 202 patients after the exclusion criteria, was conducted in the gynecology oncology outpatient clinic of the tertiary care hospital between March 2020 and May 2022. HPV 16, HPV 18 and other high-risk-HPV types with negative cytology between the ages of 25-65 were compared by taking a biopsy accompanied by colposcopy performed by the same gynecologist. As a result of colposcopy, CIN2 + patients who underwent excisional procedure were distributed according to HPV type. During this procedure, the patients who were positive for more than one HPV type were considered positive for the group with all subtypes (For example, if the patient was type 31 and 33 positive, they were included in both the 31 and 33 positive groups). The genotype distribution in the high-risk-HPV group was examined. Results: Colposcopy results showed HPV 16 positivity in 43.3%, HPV 33 positivity in 30% and HPV 18 positivity in 10% of the patients with CIN2 + and above lesions. It was observed that the incidence of CIN2 + lesions in the patients with HPV 33 positive was higher than the incidence of a lower-grade lesion (such as CIN1, chronic cervicitis) (p < 0.05). While HPV 33 (r = 0.290, p < 0.000) results were positively correlated with CIN2 + and above lesions, there was a negative correlation with HPV 45 (r = - 0.172, p < 0.015) results (p < 0.05). It was observed that HPV 33 and HPV 45 positivity was a statistically significant variable in predicting the probability of CIN2 + lesions in colposcopy results. It was determined that a HPV 33 positive patient increased the probability of having a CIN2 + lesion by 4.999 times (p < 0.000). Conclusion: In the literature, the role of high-risk -HPV types other than HPV 16 and HPV 18 with negative cytology in the women at risk of cervical preinvasive lesions has still not been fully determined. According to the results of the stuy, especially in women infected with high-risk -HPV types other than HPV 16/18, the relationship between HPV 33 type and CIN 2 + lesions was found to be high, and it was seen that colposcopic biopsy should be performed immediately instead of follow-up after 1 year.