Clinicopathological, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Characteristics of Pigmented Microcystic Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma with Favorable Prognosis

Abstract

Background. Pigmented microcystic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a subtype of chromophobe RCC. Its distinct histopathologic features are microcystic and microtubular pattern, pigmentation, and microcalcifications. Pigmented microcystic chromophobe RCC has ultrastructure, immunophenotypic structure, and molecular results similar to chromophobe RCC. Methods. We report five tumors of pigmented microcystic chromophobe RCC. Morphological observation and immunohistochemical examination were performed, and clinical and molecular features were analyzed. Results. Microscopically, all five tumors showed brown pigmentation, microcystic, and tubular cystic structures, one tumor presented microscopic calcifications. All tumors were positive for EMA, AE1/AE3, PAX8, KRT7, KIT (CD117), claudin 7, KRT8, and E-cadherin, and three tumors expressed P504S. All tumors were negative for vimentin, CA9, KRT20, TFE3, TFEB, Melan-A, HMB45, FH, SDHB, and GATA3. Ki-67 index varied from less than 1% to 2%. In three tumors, next-generation sequencing of the 688 gene was performed, the results found gene variants with potential clinical significance such as JMJD1C, MYCL, TP53, PI3KCA, KRAS, APC, GLI1, LRRK2, and gene variants with unclear clinical significance such as NTRK1 and RAD50; All patients remained alive over a follow-up period of 8–46 months without tumor recurrence and sarcomatoid transformation. Conclusions. Pigmented microcystic chromophobe RCC has a relatively benign biological behavior, and distant metastases and sarcomatoid transformation are rare. This overview of five additional tumors of pigmented microcystic chromophobe RCC offers further insight into this special subtype of chromophobe RCC.