Assessment of the properties of poly(L-lactic acid) sheets produced with differing amounts of postconsumer recycled poly(L-lactic acid)

Abstract

The properties of sheet containing mechanically recycled postconsumer poly(L-lactic acid) bottle flakes blended with virgin poly(L-lactic acid) resin were assessed. Poly(L-lactic acid) bottles were flaked, cleaned, blended with virgin resin and then extruded and thermoformed into trays. The molecular weight, physical, optical, thermal and mechanical properties of the sheet containing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 wt.% poly(L-lactic acid) recycled content were evaluated. The best cleaning conditions were found by using a mixed-level fractional factorial design. Cleaning conditions of 15 min, at 85°C, 1 wt.% NaOH and 0.3 wt.% surfactant were adopted for cleaning the poly(L-lactic acid) flakes. Cast-extruded virgin poly(L-lactic acid) sheet had superior mechanical and optical properties than recycled poly(L-lactic acid) sheet. Recycled poly(L-lactic acid) sheets were darker and absorbed more ultraviolet light in the 260 to 285 nm range when 20% or more recycled content was added. At 40% poly(L-lactic acid) recycled content, the sheet had increased blue and red tones and the mechanical properties in the cross-machine direction decreased. At 60% poly(L-lactic acid) recycled content or above, reduction of weight average molecular weight, tensile strength and tensile strength at yield in the machine direction were found. At 80% poly(L-lactic acid) recycled content, the melting temperature and modulus of elasticity in the machine direction decreased. All sheet samples were successfully thermoformed into trays showing the potential to use post-consumer poly(L-lactic acid) flakes in the production of poly(L-lactic acid) containers.