Should Benzodiazepine Sedation be Delivered by Infusion or Bolus?

Abstract

Benzodiazepine sedation for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care (ICU) is common practice worldwide. We performed a literature review to investigate whether benzodiazepine sedation is best delivered by continuous infusion or intermittent bolus. PubMed, Ovid and Cochrane databases were searched. Only four studies, involving 481 patients, were found. Three were randomised controlled trials and one was an observational cohort study; all used different benzodiazepines, sometimes in conjunction with opiates. The studies measured different outcomes including mechanical ventilation duration, length of ICU and hospital stay, quality and complications of sedation and mortality. Use of intermittent sedation or opiate boluses alone reduced mechanical ventilation duration, ICU and hospital length of stay. However such limited data means that the optimal mode of delivery for benzodiazepine sedation remains unresolved.