Affiliation:
1. Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan
2. Chair of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Milan - Italy
Abstract
Although vitamin D was initially considered a nutrient, it has been recognized that the molecules derived from vitamin D metabolism are best considered as a complex endocrine system. In this review article we summarize the basic concepts regarding vitamin D metabolism, transport, and genomic activity through the vitamin D receptor, facilitating activation or suppression of target genes. We also examine non-genomic actions, biological responses to vitamin D in classic target organs (intestine, bone, kidneys, and parathyroid glands), and in organs and tissues not related to mineral homeostasis.
Subject
Biomedical Engineering,Biomaterials,General Medicine,Medicine (miscellaneous),Bioengineering
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